
Meat Exhaustion Day
Meat is eating up the planet
Behind every bite of meat lies the silent suffering of billions of animals in factory farms. This cruelty is just one part of a larger crisis – global meat production and consumption are not sustainable for the planet or human health. Factory farming, also called industrial animal agriculture, sustains the excessive global meat consumption at immense ethical, health and environmental costs.
What is Meat Exhaustion Day?
Meat Exhaustion Day determines the day on which the maximum recommended meat consumption per year has been reached, with respect to the earth’s limit (planetary boundaries) and considering human health requirements (health boundaries). The date was calculated by comparing the average meat consumption in each country, to the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) recommendation established by the EAT-Lancet Commission. The PHD diet recommends consuming no more than 15,695 grams (about 34.6 lb.) of meat per year, the equivalent of 301 grams (about 0.67 lb.) of meat per week. To know more about the reduction needs, see our country-specific fact sheets. Read the MED report FOUR PAWS published in 2023, where you can find the global analysis and calculation method.
What’s the true cost of our global meat production and consumption?
To keep up with high meat demand, over 85.4 billion animals are raised and slaughtered for meat each year worldwide. These animals often live in factory farms and are cruelly transported over long distances. They are forced to spend their life in crowded, dirty places, without sunlight, where they suffer from injuries, diseases and death. Meat Exhaustion Day alarms us of the day when the invisible costs of the current food system and especially the price animals pay for our eating habits.
What’s the true cost of our global meat production and consumption?
Factory farming, which sustains this high meat consumption, is harmful to animals that are commodified, traded, mistreated, and slaughtered throughout a food production chain that causes immense suffering.
- 94.9 billion land animals are globally exploited for the food production of meat, milk, and eggs every year.
- About 74% of all farmed animals are estimated to be kept in factory farming conditions – which add up to the total of 70.2 billion land animals.
Meat consumption levels are globally too high, especially in high-income countries knows as the Global North. Such overconsumption of meat is not only harmful for farmed animals across the world, it also drives the ecological and human public health crisis.
- 1/6th of all man-made greenhouse gas emissions are caused directly by animal agriculture
- 77% of the world’s agricultural land is used to produce animal feed, driving massive worldwide deforestation.
- 40% of the world’s freshwater is used to irrigate farm animal feed.
Human health is threatened by high level of meat intake. The World Health Organization says that processed meat, like sausages and ham, are known to cause cancer. And red meat, like beef and pork, are ‘probable carcinogens’ . In addition, high meat intake is associated with diabetes, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular diseases.
Public health is perpetually threatened by our current intensive and cruel meat production system. Factory farming puts animals in conditions that cause the onset and transmission of zoonotic diseases and that increases antimicrobial resistance.
What can we do?
Demand an end to animal suffering in the food system. Be aware of factory farms near you and join actions against their local environmental and climate impacts. Join protests for climate and animal welfare and against new farms, like our FOUR PAWS office in the UK does.
Personally choose alternatives to meat. Reduce meat intake, adopt and encourage diets that fit within planetary and health boundaries. Replace meat with protein-rich legumes, and try out plant-based alternatives to meat.
Meat Exhaustion Day Around the World
In order of which country reached it first

Global Meat Exhaustion Day
Average meat consumption per person per year in kilos: 33.8
Factsheet (2025)

Meat Exhaustion Day in the US
Average meat consumption per person per year in kilos: 84.4
Factsheet (2024)

Meat Exhaustion Day in Australia
Average meat consumption per person per year in kilos: 73.4
Factsheet (2025)

Meat Exhaustion Day in Austria
Average meat consumption per person per year in kilos: 57.7
Factsheet (2024)
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Meat Exhaustion Day in
Average meat consumption per person per year in kilos: 52.7
Factsheet (2025)

Meat Exhaustion Day in France
Average meat consumption per person per year in kilos: 58.4
Factsheet (2025) FR

Meat Exhaustion Day in the Netherlands
Average meat consumption per person per year in kilos: 53.2
Factsheet (2025)

Meat Exhaustion Day in Germany
Average meat consumption per person per year in kilos: 51.6
Factsheet (2025) DE

Meat Exhaustion Day in South Africa
Average meat consumption per person per year in kilos: 43.9
Factsheet (2024)
How is Meat Exhaustion Day relevant to the welfare of animals?
High meat consumption levels means that high numbers of animals are being slaughtered to be consumed in an intensive production system known as factory farming. Farm animals are bred and live in bad conditions that subject them to suffering.